Therefore, the need for developing methodologies for the seismic performance assessment of road networks in a lifecycle context is urgent. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquakeresistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. Integration of stress testing with graph theory to assess. Earthquake resistant structures are structures designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. The resilience of road transport networks redundancy. They provide access and movement of people and goods that fulfil all the functions necessary for people in a community to live and prosper. Such strategies depend upon the availability of resources and the priorities that are set for restoring. Eeri policy position eeri advocates for all levels of government to develop communitydriven earthquake resilience plans and strategies of action that address a communitys building stock and associated social, economic, environmental, and lifeline infrastructure systems and that. This paper investigates the lifecycle seismic resilience of aging infrastructures and presents a probabilistic approach to seismic assessment of deteriorating bridges and resilience analysis of road networks under prescribed earthquake scenarios. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts.
This study aims to optimize risk mitigation investment strategies for improving post earthquake road network resilience. The motivation for this work is the fact that, as recent strong earthquakes have highlighted, the. Resilience against disasters increasing resilience of urban planning urbiproof road networks for earthquake resilient societies roaders resilience against disasters using remote sensing and geoinformation technologies for rapid mapping and information dissemination. As the backbone of critical infrastructure lifelines, it is therefore essential that transportation network retains its resilience after disastrous earthquakes to ensure efficient evacuation of atrisk population to safe zones and timely dispatch of. The main disruption examined here was road closures due to earthquaketriggered landslides. Framework for improving the resilience and recovery of. Resilience has been added to the list of requirements to ensure rapid recovery and minimal impact on the socioeconomic fabric of modern society.
Great east japan earthquake and research and development for. Development of resilient state and national networks of lifelines. Road networks throughout christchurch were extensively damaged by liquefactioninduced settlement. Transportation networks play a vital role in ensuring the economic and social wellbeing of a community and the condition of such networks following the occurrence of an extreme hazard e. Request pdf lifetime seismic resilience of aging bridges and road networks the performance of lifelines under damage and emergency conditions induced by sudden extreme events, such as. Given the essential role of transportation in emergency response, provision of essential services, and economic wellbeing, the resilience of roadway networks has received increasing. This was evident after recent strong earthquakes that caused extensive structural damage to key transportation components, such as bridges, overpasses, tunnels and geotechnical works, that in turn led to a. Research and development of telecommunication technologies for disaster relief and network resilience reconfirm the importance and necessity of standardization studies in relation to disaster relief systems, network resilience and recovery. Integrated seismic risk and resilience assessment of roadway. Special focus is given to the performance and management of the gas, electric and road networks and to the liquefaction cleanup operations that highly contributed to the rapid reinstatement of. Measuring the resilience of transport infrastructure february. The road to earthquake resilience in san francisco, began in april of 2008 and was completed at the end of 2010. Integrated seismic risk and resilience assessment of.
Improving the resilience of perus road network to climate events. There is a need for system case histories documenting service losses and restoration strategies to improve knowledge resilieon nt horizontal infrastructure networks supporting community resilience goals. Transportation network faces the possibility of sudden events that disrupts its normal operation, particularly in earthquake prone areas. Resiliencebased postdisaster recovery strategies for. Enhancing road network resilience by considering the. The final phase of work, which is described and documented in the report series, here todayhere tomorrow. Resilience mapping captured in spatial databases screen and understand the resilience of the network, appreciate differences, and identify areas of concern maps show sections of high vulnerability, allowing for more detailed assessment maps show resilience of roads in national and regional context vital for. The broader aim of this work is to develop new tools for identifying strategies to improve the performance of complex networks. The need to integrate the resilience assessments for various road networks forming a regional transportation network has long been emphasised brabhaharan and moynihan, 2002. Local roads in the eastern suburbs of the city were the most affected, with 83 sections of 57 roads closed following the february 2011 earthquake. Resilience and efficiency in transportation networks. Pdf integrated seismic risk and resilience assessment of.
The earthquakes caused significant infrastructure disruptions. In fact, given the large scale characteristic of these systems with substations and loads. Poor roads and debris made navigation nearly impossible. We have developed a method for assessing the resilience of transportation network topology when exposed to environmental hazards. National roads board and its successor transit new zealand have developed a bridge manual which specifies its design requirements, including earthquake.
It is part of a larger effort by the world bank to provide open. Quickly reestablishing flows of water, food, pharmaceuticals, medical goods, fuel, and other crucial commodities is almost always in the immediate interest of survivors and longerterm recovery. Doug has been heavily involved in hazard, risk and resilience studies for road networks since the canterbury earthquakes, and since the kaikoura earthquake he has been seconded to the north canterbury transport infrastructure recovery alliance nctir, working on the recovery of. Optimal scheduling for resource allocation plays an important role on early restoration. Measuring the resilience of transportation networks subject to.
Slip 1a kaikoura earthquake november 2016 30,000 cubic metres. Road networks are the socioeconomic backbone of any community. Characterizing infrastructure resilience in disasters. The framework is applicable to the broad land transport system road and rail and allows. The city should establish a resilience by design program within the dwp, covering both the power and water systems, with resources and authority to keep an institutional emphasis on seismic. Ground shaking in the 1556 huaxian earthquake 26 figure 7. Lifecycle resilience of deteriorating bridge networks. Mar, 2020 the broader aim of this work is to develop new tools for identifying strategies to improve the performance of complex networks. National earthquake resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineeringscience physical, socialeconomic behavioral, and institutional governing dimensions. Impact of earthquake induced bridge damage and timeevolving traffic demand on the road network resilience article pdf available in journal of traffic and transportation engineering july 2018. Evaluation of resiliency of transportation networks. Pdf this paper deals with the assessment of intercity road networks resilience to earthquake loading. Here, we study the interconnections between resilience and efficiency among road transportation networks in 40 major u.
It benefited from funding of the swiss corporation for development and the korean green growth trust fund. Lifetime seismic resilience of aging bridges and road networks. Pdf impact of earthquakeinduced bridge damage and time. Intercity networks constitute a highly important civil infrastructure in developed countries, as they contribute to the prosperity and development of the connected communities. However, circumstances in the postseismic period are more likely to change due to various factors such as secondary disaster. The fhwas seismic retrofitting manual for highway structures and its predeceasing. The operations and logistics of rural networks that are under seismic risks must be. For the first approach, that is, the topological one, we consider and evaluate several metrics from graph theory. Resilience has been added to the list of requirements to ensure. Characterizing infrastructure resilience in disasters using dynamic network analysis of consumers service disruption patterns this study proposes a network analysis framework for characterizing infrastructure resilience in the aftermath of disasters through the use of. However, they must also maintain an acceptable level of service to critical infrastructures in the case of disruptions, especially during natural disasters. Pdf recent advances in improving the resilience of road networks. Transportation networks daily provide accessibility and crucial services to societies.
We analyze and compare the two different approaches to assess the resilience of road networks, and to determine their advantages and drawbacks in assessing road network resilience. Quantitatively measuring transportation network resilience. Resiliencebased postdisaster recovery strategies for road. Pdf recent advances in improving the resilience of road. Anna nagurney building resilience into fragile transportation networks according to the european environment agency 2004, since 1990, the annual number of extreme weather and climate related. Resiliencebased design of natural gas distribution networks. The highway network of the san francisco bay area and the oakland area are selected as the. The redundancy indicator for road transport network junctions is based on the. Integration of stress testing with graph theory to assess the. Roads mostly consist of natural gravels in combination with other materials such as asphalt and concrete.
Following some minor damage observed in these prior events, the m w 7. Recent advances in improving the resilience of road networks. The case for earthquake why safer structures resilience. Infrastructure management manual iimm, which covers. The road network is a major urban lifeline, and its postearthquake resiliency is crucial to rapid and reliable rescue work. Aug 25, 2018 intercity networks constitute a highly important civil infrastructure in developed countries, as they contribute to the prosperity and development of the connected communities. Roads mostly consist of natural gravels in combination with other materials such as. The main disruption examined here was road closures due to earthquake triggered landslides. The road network is a major urban lifeline, and its post earthquake resiliency is crucial to rapid and reliable rescue work. Pdf resilience of road networks to earthquakes researchgate. In this paper, a recently developed framework for assessing the loss and resilience associated with seismic impact on the structural and geotechnical components of a road network, as well as the relevant software developed are extended to further consider the implications of.
Supply chain resilience guide i strategic overview disasters disrupt preexisting networks of demand and supply. Jul 04, 2016 transportation network faces the possibility of sudden events that disrupts its normal operation, particularly in earthquake prone areas. Optimizing risk mitigation investment strategies for. This article represents ed material and may only be reproduced in whole for personal or classroom use. This was evident after recent strong earthquakes that caused extensive structural damage to key transportation components, such as bridges, overpasses, tunnels and geotechnical works, that in turn led to a significant. Quantifying the seismic resilience of highway networks using a lossestimation tool ian g.
Indirect losses can be severe because the breakdown of a transportation network aggravates rescue, supply, and other recovery activities. Quantifying therefore, the resilience of road networks, defined as. The purpose of this study is to enhance the resilience of restoration scheduling for road networks. Infrastructure systems that exhibit adaptive response to stress are typically characterized as resilient 1421. Evaluating road networks based only on efficiency under normal operating conditions results in little to no information about how the system performs under suboptimal or disrupted conditions. The cases of colombia, ecuador and peru published in 2015. In this paper, a recently developed framework for assessing the loss and resilience associated with seismic impact on the structural and geotechnical components of a road network, as well as the relevant software developed are extended to further consider the implications of post earthquake traffic demand variation. Introduction road networks play a crucial role in disaster restoration. The national institute of standards and technology nistthe lead nehrp agencycommissioned the national research council nrc to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the united states that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 nehrp strategic plan. Resilience is defined as a normalized function indicating capability to sustain a level of functionality or performance for a given building, bridge, lifeline, networks or community over a period of time tlc life cycle, life span etc. This paper is the first to provide fusion of wellestablished regional economic model transight 4. Impact of earthquakeinduced bridge damage and time. Great east japan earthquake and research and development. While road networks are the specific focus of this project, the approach may be generalizable later to other critical infrastructure networks.
Building resilience into fragile transportation networks in. Impact of earthquakeinduced bridge damage and timeevolving traffic demand on the road network resilience article pdf available in journal of traffic and transportation engineering july 2018. Download this policy statement as a onepage pdf adoption date by eeri board of directors. A set of road recovery strategies that can improve the overall resilience of rural transportation networks under disruptions was proposed. Nov 11, 2017 transportation networks daily provide accessibility and crucial services to societies. We develop an urban roadway efficiency model, calibrate it on the basis of the observed data 11 of annual delay per peakperiod auto commuter, and apply the model to calculate efficiency in 40 cities. Creating earthquake resilience craft a mitigation program new generation of national codes and standards based on expanded research develop mandatory, incentive driven, encouraged, and voluntary rehabilitation programs based on resilience. All communication services were stopped in the affected area. Image courtesy of the alexander turnbull library, national library of new zealand. This study aims to optimize risk mitigation investment strategies for improving postearthquake road network resilience. Map of intensity of shaking for the 23 october 1815 earthquake and two synthetic calculations of shaking 27 figure 8. In the 2011 great east japan earthquake, bridges and embankments were.
The objective of this paper is to develop a holistic probabilistic approach for the multicriterion. Building resilience into fragile transportation networks in an era of increasing disasters anna nagurney. Rural transportation networks are highly susceptible to geohazards such as earthquakes and landslides. Impact of earthquakeinduced bridge damage and time evolving. Earthquake resilience why safer structures protect and promote social and economic vitality feb. Improving the resilience of perus road network to climate. Toward seismic resilient horizontal infrastructure networks.
While road networks are the specific focus of this project, the. Building resilience into fragile transportation networks. Lifecycle performance assessment of road network under. Pdf the hawkes bay earthquake struck in 1931, and not only did it cause devastation to the buildings in napier, but also to the transport. This paper deals with the assessment of intercity road networks resilience to earthquake loading. In fact, a significant amount of damage was observed especially in the gas distribution networks during recent earthquakes such as the 1995.
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